Expressions

=Expressions=

Introducing a speaker

 * It is my great pleasure to introduce you to ...

Contradicting

 * I would not dismiss what you say, but...
 * I don't think we fundamentally disagree.

Expressing confidence

 * Beyond any reasonable doubt
 * Open to a number of interpretations

starting new section
* The following section attempts to/considers ... 	* This section pulls together * This general theme is taken up in section ... * The object is to ... * This study was designed to allow a fuller examintion of the ... 	* The central research question posed in this article therefore is: * a central issue addressed in this ... * This question is especially relevant in light of ... * More specifically, I investigated the condition under which ... * Our purpose in this study is to make ... * The question of interest in Exp2 concerns whether ... * It will be argued (below)... * In order to further understand ... * Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest across ... * We used ... to evaluate ... * The study was conducted to ... * This work advocates a ... 	* In the remainder of this paper * Despite the growing interest in understanding ... * To delineate and confirm the ... 	* As a start, * As a first step, * The notion that ...

emphasising/clerifying
* It must be stressed, however ... * Irrespective of ... 	* Apparently, * Consequently, * Obviously, * Clearly, * Presumably, * Unsurprisingly, * Nevertheless, * Clerifying ... 	* For simplicity, * Most notably, ... * In agreement with ... 	* A way in which * Thus, although * In cases such as this where ... 	* In both instances, * According to this theory * As evidence in support of this theory manifested ... 	* If we are to overcome these problems, * There is not much known about ... 	* It seems, however, * From the standpoint of ... * The point is not that ... * In relation to ... * Contrary to ... 	* Conversely, * In this regard, * More generally, * Either way, * At this point, * In light of this, * With this in mind, * Instead, (the fact that...) * Simply put, * For many years, * To advance our understanding on ... * To assess the ... * Consistently with ... * According to ... * Consider, for example ... * With regard to ... 	* Questions emerge * Speculations about ... * The interesting question whether... * There have been numerous attempts to ... * It is reasonable to expect ... * The problem appears to be ... 	* From a statistical perspective, * Of greater theoretical interest, * Indeed ... * In fact ... * In particular ... * Above all ... * ... especially ... * ... notably ... * ... particularly ... * More importantly ... * Although ... * Though ... * Supposing ... * In order to ...

Rephrasing
* In other words ... * That is ... * Rather ... * Alternatively ...

to give a cause
*Therefore ... *As a result of ... *Because of ... *Thanks to ... *In order to ... *Due to ... *Consequently ... *As a consequence of ...

Connecting sections
* As noted, ... * Note again, ... * As noted earlier, ... * As pointer out earlier, .. * As stated above, ... * As discussed in ... 	* In addition, * Again, this is 	* Hence, * Likewise, * Similarly, * In relation to ... * Contrary to ...
 * As mentioned in the introduction,

summarising
* Briefly, * In short, * In sum, * Taken as a whole, * Ultimately, * Finally, * Altogether, * Simply put,

indications/descriptions
* it was the concrete manifestation of ... * is a mandatory consequence of ... * is evidently due to ... 	* This folllows from the fact that * are characterised by ... 	* The central tenet of this issue * was perceived as ... 	* as currently conceived * with the restriction that * commonly equate it with ... * it is unclear whether ... 	* to carying degrees

examples/illustrations/assumptions
* To illustrate, * Consider, for example ... 	* Perhaps, * To make the presentation a bit more concrete, * across an ensemble of cases

referring to literature
* Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest across ... * Indeed, it is well documented that ... 	* The issue received little formal investigation * have paid scant attention * the authors reported that ... * early theories of ... * There have been numerous attempts to ... * the ... that permeate this literature ... 	* the argument gains credence (from studies that...) * In a a number of recent studies * Despite efforts in ... experiments * In each of these studies * According to this theory, * All thw work cited so far ... 	* diferring views * For many years, * there is, at present, * entailed divergent views about * empirically pit the ... view against the ... view * Some of the theories that subscribe to the ... view appear to assume a ...

supporting/describing
* a strong argument can be made ... * the key assumption of the model ... 	* his arguments have been found to ring true * this accords with the ... 	* the argument gains credence (from studies that...) * it is much more plausible to endorse the idea that ... * there is a substantial amount of ... 	* offers a more stringent delineation * is called for ... * maps unambiguously into .. * restricts the validity of ... 	* it is reasonable to expect * to support the strong claim that ... * on grounds that ... 	* in order to attain its goals * evidence derived from ... 	* these tendencies indicate that * has been demonstrated repeatedly * a related concern is that * arguably correct * ringing statement
 * Of course ...
 * Obviously ...
 * Clearly ...
 * Evidently ...
 * Naturally ...
 * Undoubtedly ...
 * ... certainly ...
 * Moreover ...

criticising, rejecting
* is less than satisfactory * would have been preferable * remains unclear * it leaves (much) to be desired * apparently negates * this contrasts with the results of ... 	* do not preclude * it is unlikely that * the criticism may also be applied to ... 	* grossly violated * ... points to a serious conceptual flaw that prevades much of the research conducted with ... 	* fallaciously * is in stark contrast to 	* has found little appreciation * fundamental difference

To accept a point but not necessarily agreeing with it
* Although ... * Whilst it is true that ... * Despite the fact that ... * In spite of ... * Despite this ... * However ... * Yet ... * Still ... * Nevertheless ... * While ... * Even if ... * Admittedly ...

highlighting
* are especial interest to ... * the most exciting thing about ... * with specific attention to ... * one of the most interesting ... * it calls for attention to ... * if one wants to understand ... * It should be emphasised that ... 	* seems to have great impact * grant ... a special status * more specifically * in a more formal sense * received little consideration * continue to make extensive use * was designed to permit * apparently exert a strong influence * a failure to use (sufficiently) * within a framework that focuses * to point out ... 	* it was of special concern that * this was presumably also a point where ... 	* it remains an empirical question whether * will ultimately lead * Quite the contrary.

describing hypothesis
* This study was designed to allow a fuller examintion of the ... 	* The central research question posed in this article therefore is: * a central issue addressed in this ... * More specifically, I investigated the condition under which ... * Our purpose in this study is to make ... * The question of interest in Exp2 concerns whether ... 	* This would constitute a working hypothesis as * Our object is to ... * To account for ... is needed

describing methods
* subjects were provided with a 	* subjects were exposed to * subjects were randomly assigned to ... different groups * This group constituted control against which to compare performance of the other groups ... * To control the previously identified potential methodological problems ... * To ensure that subjects ... * ... conducted by the experimenter * the setting is as follows:

describing analysis
* On the assumption that the subjects implemented the instructions properly * ..., ... and ... provide context for the analysis

describing results
* an ANOVA confirmed * an ANOVA showed no ... 	* differences ranged * exerted a smaller effect * most importantly, we found * there was no reliable difference * these tendencies indicate that * did not reach statistical significance * incrementally reduced * as compared to ... 	* for the moment we conclude

interpreting results (when certain)
* such analysis provides * these data suggest that ... * These results correspond with data obtained on ... 	* have some direct implications * it does seem to be possible ... 	* These results are consistent with * There were no noticeable changes in ... * Our results differ from those of ... in one important respect * presumably the different results are due to ... * this contrasts with the results of ... 	* the results also seem to contradict the assumption * the procedure allowed a quantitative assessment * showed large gain in (accuracy) * At one extreme, there is ... At the other extreme, there is ... 	* This is a clear indication that * ... are discussed in succession * can provide a relatively clear picture * This conclusion fits well with ... * It also fits well with ... 	* This gives rise to  	* a large variety of evidence indicates * Given the evidence for ... 	* research has been conducted on this question * exposure to a variety of ... 	* at the empirical level * Statistically speaking, * provides insight

discussing results (when not certain)
* It is not possible to determine definitively whether * does not present a consistent picture * how ... and how ... remains a matter of debate * may adopt probabilities * Whether ... is another matter. * there may be little reason to ... * Taken together, the ... suggests * we will discuss the possibility * it would be premature to conclude * It would be premature to draw general conclusions about ... 	* it is not implausible that * this contrasts with the results of ... 	* the results also seem to contradict the assumption

comparing with other results
* similar results were obtained by ... * These results correspond with data obtained on ... 	* it holds relevance to * this contrasts with the results of ... * as compared to ...

conclusions
* In this view, there is no reason to suppose * The same argument would apply to * ... are outside the scope of this model * A complete discussion of this issue is largely beyond the scope of this ... * how ... and how ... remains a matter of debate

scientific vocabulary
* happens -> occurs * shows -> demonstrate, highlight, describe, present, indicate, formulate * make -> conduct, constitute, produce * needs -> places demands on... /demands / require * get -> obtain, require * support -> advocate * give -> provide * ask -> address * take -> adopt * looks -> appears * keep -> sustain, retain * only -> solely, barely, merely * sign -> indication * results -> yields * call -> refer * think -> regard * understand -> capture * exposure * implication * concern * sufficiency

conjunctional structures
* It seems, however, * In doing so, * the latter, * whereas * which, in turn, * and hence there is a 	* at the expense of  	* the extent to which * how, if at all, should ... 	* whereby

useful noun structures
* differing views * conventional wisdom * a thorough examination * preliminary converging evidence * guiding principle * certain features * ample variance * key assumption * in a comparable manner * sound statistical reasoning * empirical/methodological level * empirical research program

useful verbs
* yield * employ * invoke * accompany * promote * conceive * consist * construe * implement * obviate

useful verb structures
* places great demands

useful adjectives
* substantial * (theoretically) sound * reliable * composite

useful adverbs
* intelligibly * consequently * commonly * ultimately * substantially

Message
* I am sure we need not worry unduly about ...

complimenting
* remarkable